4)Southeast+Asia

The lands surrounding th Pacific Ocean- especially those in Asia.
 * Pacific Rim-**

Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901.
 * Emilio Aguinaldo 1869-1964-**

The adding of a region to the territory of an existing political unit.
 * Annexation-**

Was the last monarch and only queen regnant of the Kingdom of Hawaii. Queen Liliuokalani was the last monarch and only queen regnant of Hawaii. She was removed from throne in 1898, allowing the United States to gain influence in Hawaii. This queen is still honored today for her great intellectual and artistic achievements. COLONIES & COMMERCE
 * Queen Liliuokalani-**
 * Free ports were created at fishing villages, and quickly became shipping and trading centers. An example of this colonialism was Singapore in 1824. In 1874 outpost expanded into Malaya.
 * In 1852, Burma was annexed.
 * The French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars ended France's dreams of overseas dominance as well as the Netherlands' Indian Ocean Empire which was given to Great Britain.

IMPERIAL POLICIES & SHIPPING
 * Britain's goal with imperialism was trade, not territory. They created colonies at ports, trade centers, production centers, and distribution areas.
 * Commercial expansion allowed Great Britain's industrial economy to grow as they sought free trade.
 * All areas of the world, colonized or not, created, sold, or bought with the British.
 * Textile production became cheap and easy, causing an increased demand across the globe.
 * The introduction of HUGE sails and iron to ships created the transportation method to become larger and faster. As a result of this, shipping costs decreased, and sea trade was stimulated.
 * After 1870 colonization to a toll on the environment. For example, many forests throughout the colonies were cleared for wood, rice, and sugar plantations. In Southeast Asia, the Dutch East Indies provided teak, ebony, and other hardwoods to much of the world.

CENTRAL ASIA This map shows modern day Vietnam. SE ASIA & INDONESIA  This is a climate map of Southeast Asia. It reinforces why major European powers wanted to establish colonies in this region. This area of the world had a perfect climate for agriculture due to its constant warmth, sun, and fertile soil. HAWAII & THE PHILIPPINES
 * By 1869 Great Britain had control over India and Burma, Spain had colonized the Philippines, and the Netherlands controlled the East Indies.
 * Between 1862 and 1895 France gained control over Vietnam, Kampuchea, and Laos.
 * Vietnam's Emperor Tu Duc prohibited his subjects from protesting French rule. Instead he hoped that submission to the French along with peaceful conduct would persuade France to give up their conquests.
 * With French rule came a suffering economy in Vietnam which created anti-colonial feelings for the natives.
 * Positives of colonization in Vietnam were improved transportation, communications, and manufacturing.
 * France controlled Vietnam under direct rule with the implication of viceroys.
 * Many common features were valued in Asian colonies. Fertile soil, constant warmth, and heavy rains were relied on by European powers for agricultural success. Also the native people in these areas had had a long tradition of agricultural technology and success.
 * The Dutch and Spanish controlled much of Southeast Asia throughout the 1800s. There they relied on the fertile soil to produce  coffee, pepper, cinnamon, sugar, indigo, and tea. Mines also proved to be valuable in these areas for their rich tin and copper deposits.
 * Across the world, populations increased as a result from a peaceful and reliable food supply. In total, this can be credited to colonization which provided trade and wealth to many nations.
 * The cause of U.S. expansion was that they were producing more goods then they could sell. First, they turned to the harbors of Samoa in 1878. Next they began using Hawaii's Pear Harbor in 1879. Third, the United States became protectors of Hawaii in 1885. Finally, in 1898 the U.S. annexed Hawaii after their Queen Liliuokalani was removed from her throne, for military and trading purposes with Asia.
 * The three aims of Spanish colonization in the Philippines were, 1) To spread Christianity, 2) Economic Wealth, and 3) Political grandeur.
 * After the independence of Mexico, Spain ruled the Philippines under governors and other high administrators from Spain or royalty. Before then, a Mexican viceroy ruled the Philippines under the name of the king. In both circumstances, the Philippines were ruled directly as new governments were implemented by Spain.
 * The Philippines were oppressed by Spain for their sugar and tobacco plantations which proved to be prosperous.
 * The Philippines declared themselves a republic in 1898 after a revolt against Spain.
 * After a United States war with Spain, all Spanish colonies were taken by the U.S. therefore putting the Philippines back under colonial rule. The U.S. treated Filipinos with racism as they burned villages and crops, placed them in re-concentration camps, and tortured them. The Filipinos revolted in 1899, proclaiming their independence.
 * Prior to U.S. colonization of Hawaii many other world powers had attempted to gain control of the islands. Great Britain, Russia, and France all tried to gain influence in Hawaii. Despite these efforts the Hawaiian monarch continued to remain in place until its annexation by the U.S.

POST-COLONIZATION This map from 1993 is of the Philippines. It shows what the land was used for as well as what their major crops were. During periods of colonization, Spain used the Philippines for their agricultural plantation.
 * The Philippines were promised eventual freedom in 1916 which was later granted in 1946.
 * Also in 1916, a legislature is created in the Philippines, composed of a house and senate.
 * In 1900 Hawaii became a territory of the United States.
 * On December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor in Hawaii was bombed by Japanese aircrafts, marking the United States' entering of WWII.
 * Hawaii becomes the 50th state in 1959 after a series of laws by congress.
 * In 1945, after WWII Vietnam declared itself an independent republic, causing many years of hostility and violence for the region leading up to the Vietnam war in 1968.
 * [[image:philippines_land_1973.jpg]]

media type="youtube" key="HAnOtWm5OrM" height="344" width="425" The attack on Pearl Harbor was a major event in our world's history. Although Hawaii was not yet part of the U.S. it prompted their entrance into WWII. This bombing caused havoc for the United States because Pearl Harbor was a major military base for the U.S. who had influence throughout Hawaii.